In the HCC study by Shimizu et al., it was found that PARP-1 expression was significantly increased in HCC samples as compared to uninvolved liver tissue, and that PARP-1 expression was also increased in cirrhosis tissues, further implicating PARP-1 in the inflammatory response and in the susceptibility to tumorigenesis [62]. The gene discussed is PARP1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.