Despite an earlier study demonstrating rYopJ activation of TLR-2 signaling in macrophages (Pandey and Sodhi, 2011), in vivo studies employing both Drosophila and macrophage models of infection clearly demonstrated that native YopJ indeed activated the NF-κB signaling but not the TLR-2 signaling pathway (Paquette et al., 2012). The gene discussed is TLR2; the disease is infection.