McLean et al. were the first to look at various human glioma cell lines and noted a significant elevation in Na+/H+ exchanger subtype 1 (NHE1) expression, an increase in baseline pHi, and an increased reliance on HCO−3-independent pathways versus primary rat astrocytes (McLean et al., 2000). The gene discussed is SLC9A1; the disease is central nervous system cancer.