The HIF- independent functions of PHDs include PHD3 directed inhibition of phosphorylation of the inhibitor of κβ kinase β and activation of NF κβ in CRC, neuronal apoptosis and myoblast differentiation by PHD3, or control of myocardial development by PHD2 [8,51,52]. This evidence concerns the gene EGLN1 and colorectal carcinoma.