BM extracts have been reported to increase glucose uptake, promote insulin release, and potentiate the effect of insulin, as well as improve obesity-associated peripheral inflammation and neuroinflammation, lower plasma apoB-100 and apoB-48 in HFD-fed mice, and modulate the phosphorylation of IR, IRS-1, and its downstream signaling molecules20, 21, 22. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.