EFNA3 and colorectal carcinoma: In this regard, it is relevant that we have recently observed that primary cells isolated enzymatically from tumour resections obtained from patients with CRC also upregulate expression of VEGF, EFNA3, TGFβ1 and ANGPTL4 when exposed to hypoxia, supporting the relevance of studies using Caco-2 cells to understand the mechanisms underlying CRC progression and underlining the potential importance of these angiogenic genes in CRC [89-91].