In nerve injury and inherited demyelinating diseases, Schwann cells secrete cytokines and chemokines, such as M-CSF and MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein 1) to recruit immune cells to aid in the clearance of myelin debris (Martini et al., 2008; Kohl et al., 2010). The gene discussed is CCL2; the disease is demyelinating disease.