CCN2 and vascular disorder: The activated chronic inflammatory cells are responsible for the increased production of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and other profibrotic polypeptide growth factors which together with the mediators released by the endothelial cells, such as endothelin-1, induce subsequent pathogenetic events leading to the severe tissue fibrosis and fibroproliferative vasculopathy characteristic of the disease [1–11].