HDGFL2 and malaria: Two-band tests either detect only one species (Plasmodium falciparum), usually by detecting histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2), or detect any of the four most common malaria parasites (P. falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale), typically by detecting pan-Plasmodium-specific lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH), while three-band tests detect both the P. falciparum-specific antigen HRP2 and the pLDH or any one species specific LDH (mostly P. vivax).