However, the key finding of this study was that compared to smear microscopy, the incremental diagnostic sensitivity provided by the Xpert MTB/RIF assay (applied to sputum or urine samples) and the Determine TB-LAM urine test were greatest among the patients with the worst prognostic characteristics: those with the CD4 cell counts <100 cells/μL, advanced symptoms, CRP concentrations >200 mg/L or severe anemia (<8.0 g/dL) and in those who subsequently died. The gene discussed is CRP; the disease is anemia (phenotype).