ADAM17 and myocardial ischemia: Myocardial ischemia induces degranulation of resident mast cells [22] and cleavage of membrane-bound TNF-α by the TNF-α cleavage enzyme (TACE) [23], both causing the immediate release of active TNF-α in the ischemic myocardium to act in an autocrine, endocrine, and paracrine fashion [24].