However, it remains unclear whether all oncogene-mediated stress responses act via the DDR, or whether alternative signaling pathways directly regulate downstream effectors (see for example induction of p16INK4a in response to oncogenic RAS/RAF signaling (Agger et al., 2009; Barradas et al., 2009) and the relationship between MYC and BIM in B cell lymphomas described below). The gene discussed is MYC; the disease is B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.