The CD4+ type 1 T helper (Th1) lymphocyte is the predominant subtype of T cells in atherosclerotic plaques of humans.24, 25 Furthermore it has been demonstrated in a mouse model that CD4 cells play a pathogenic role in atherosclerosis.26 Therefore ART-induced increase in CD4 count may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis in patients who are HIV-positive. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is atherosclerosis.