HSPA5 and infection: When cells were treated with thapsigargin before infection or mock-infection, and then maintained in thapsigargin-free medium for 24 hr, substantial amounts of GRP78 was detected in mock-infected cells (lanes 4 and 8) and this was considerably reduced in Zhangfei–expressing cells (lanes 3 and 7 – the decrease for Vero cells was less than for ONS76 cells).