To clarify the molecular mechanism whereby IL-27 and poly(I:C) cooperatively inhibit tumor growth of melanomas, we next investigated the effect of IL-27 on the expression of TLR3, which is the receptor for poly(I:C), and also conversely the effect of poly(I:C) on the expression of IL-27R subunits, gp130 and WSX-1. This evidence concerns the gene TLR3 and neoplasm.