Homozygosity for the 148M PNPLA3 variant was significantly enriched in HCC patients, in particular in those with ALD&NAFLD, but also in those with other liver diseases (ALD&NAFLD: relative risk 5.9, 95% confidence interval (c.i.)3.5–9.9; other liver diseases: relative risk 1.9, 95% c.i. 1.1–3.4; Figure 1). Here, PNPLA3 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.