GSTM1 and anemia (phenotype): Since 1993 to 2009 we found 26 celiac children out of the screening project (case-finding): in 11 children blood examination was required by paediatrics because of symptoms like abdominal pain, failure to thrive, persistent diarrhea or refractory anaemia (Hb <9 g/dl), being these children usually younger than 6 years (i.e. not included in our recruitment plan for screening).