Despite the encouraging results regarding the effect of KGF in reducing GVHD and promoting immune reconstitution in preclinical models, thus far several clinical trials of palifermin conducted in patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplants have failed to demonstrate significant advantage in the reduction in GVHD, control of infection or long-term survival (see accompanying review article in this series). The gene discussed is FGF7; the disease is graft versus host disease.