TLR4 and fungal infectious disease: Since the expression of these three AMPs is under the regulation of the Imd pathway rather than the Toll pathway [50, 57], this result suggests that the Imd pathway plays an important role in the response to the fungal infection in D. virilis, in contrast to the fact that the Toll pathway is more important to regulate the Drosomycin genes as the antifungal response in D. melanogaster.