Smoking, a major source of Cd [91], also initiates ROS production accompanied by augmented cell signaling pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of AD such as psoriasis that implicates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), NF-κB and Janus kinase JAK/STAT [92], and reduced antioxidants malondialdehyde and SOD [93]. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and Alzheimer disease.