HMOX1 and Alzheimer disease: Ye et al. [110] found that fumarates induced type II DCs as a result of initial GSH depletion followed by induction of HO-1, which interacts with AP-1 and NF-κB sites of Il23p19 promoter and inactivates STAT1 and thereby improves TH1- and TH17-mediated AD including MS and psoriasis.