Contradictory findings have shown that resistin levels can be either increased, unchanged, or decreased in murine and human obesity and type II diabetes, however, recent data indicate that in human PBMCs, expression of resistin mRNA is markedly increased by the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, and TNF, and by LPS (147). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.