Additionally, isolated brain microvessels obtained from AD patients present high levels of both cell-associated and soluble cytokines and chemokines including interleukin-1 beta, IL-6, interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor -, transforming growth factor-beta and MCP-1, when compared to age-matched non-AD controls [86-88]. This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and Alzheimer disease.