Although, proof-of-concept clinical studies have demonstrated cardioprotective benefit with exogenous GLP-1 therapy in the clinical settings of acute myocardial infarction[33], coronary artery bypass graft surgery[34] and heart failure[35], this treatment regimen requires a chronic subcutaneous infusion of GLP-1 given that the GLP-1 is rapidly broken down in the body by the enzyme DPP-4. This evidence concerns the gene DPP4 and heart failure.