Four recent large-scale studies of neuroblastoma using whole genome or exome sequencing revealed surprisingly few novel high-frequency recurrent somatic mutations, but reported on ATRX inactivating mutations preferentially found in adolescent and young adult patients [14], structural variants in genes PTPRD, ODZ3, CSMD1, and ARID1A [15,16], and mutations in ARID1B, PTPN11, MYCN and NRAS in neuroblastoma patients[16,17]. This evidence concerns the gene NRAS and neuroblastoma.