CXCL10 has chemoattraction for monocytes/macrophages/microglia, is upregulated in human astrocytes exposed to HIV viral protein Tat, IFN-γ and TNF-α [116], is elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid levels of HAND patients and contributes to HIV-1 neurotoxicity [117]. The gene discussed is CXCL10; the disease is HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder.