The importance of monocyte F11R expression to glioma biology is further supported by the finding that more established markers of monocytes (e.g., IBA1, CD68), infiltrating macrophages (e.g., CCR2), and microglia (e.g., CX3CR1) do not provide prognostic information for patients with GBM by both immunohistological and gene expression analyses across tumor grade and molecular subtypes. Here, CCR2 is linked to central nervous system cancer.