[4] However hepatic arteriovenous malformations are also more common in the ACVRL1/ALK1 HHT patient subgroup. [16], [17], [18] While liver synthetic function is generally preserved, in late stage hepatic AVM disease, abnormalities in synthetic function and frank cirrhosis may occur, [16], [17], [18] and would be predicted to reduce the hepcidin:ferritin ratio as seen in other forms of liver disease/cirrhosis [62]. This evidence concerns the gene HAMP and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.