Damage of the regulating mechanism of hepcidin, respectively of modulators that occur in the synthesis of this hormone plays a role in the pathogenesis of diseases such as hemochromatosis, iron deficiency anemia, overload with iron from ineffective erythropoiesis, anemia associated with infection and inflammation, anemia from neoplastic disease.The purpose of this paper focuses on the role of hepcidin in neoplastic processes, its correlation with carcinogenesis and anemia and also with the degree of disease activity. This evidence concerns the gene HAMP and hemochromatosis type 1.