To confirm the altered expression of CTSB in lung SCC, western blotting analysis was performed using anti-CTSB antibody, and over-expression of CTSB was observed in the carcinoma tissues examined (carcinoma tissues: 2.52 ± 0.31; adjacent normal tissues: 0.42 ± 0.07; Student’s t test, P < 0.05) (Figure 2D, E). This evidence concerns the gene CTSB and carcinoma.