These findings are in accordance with results from previous studies of other types of cells, showing that SDF-1 has no proliferative effect on glioma (U251n), cholangiocarcinoma (RMCCAI and KKU100), testicular germ cell tumor (TCAM2), rhabdomyosarcoma and pancreatic cancer cells (21–25). The gene discussed is CXCL12; the disease is cholangiocarcinoma.