In 2004, the discovery of the links between the NLRP3 mutations, NLRP3 inflammasome hyper-activation, and excessive production of IL-1β has set the stage for the use of IL-1 blockade strategies, such as recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist (anakinra) or anti-IL-1β antibodies (canakinumab), to cure patients inflicted with hereditary periodic fever syndromes [reviewed in Ref. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is periodic fever syndrome.