A recent study demonstrated that in cultured hepatoma cells with HBV replication and in mouse models with repopulated human hepatocytes, administration of IFN-α resulted in the active recruitment of the transcriptional corepressors HDAC1, SIRT1, and polycomb repressor complexes 2 (EZH2 and YY1) to HBV cccDNA as well as the hypoacetylation/hypermethylation of cccDNA-bound histones. Here, HDAC1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.