PTEN and Alzheimer disease: Furthermore, miR-132 has several direct targets of relevance to Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis including Tensin Homolog (PTEN), Forkhead Box O3a (FOXO3a), and E1A binding protein p300 (P300), which all have a role in neural apoptosis, and the acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE), inhibition of which is a standard treatment in Alzheimer's disease and links into the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (Shaked et al., 2009; Wong et al., 2013).