BACE1 and Alzheimer disease: Down regulation of miR-107 at an early stage of Alzheimer's disease has been observed in temporal cortex and correlated with the up regulation of BACE1 in two studies, which could impact upon Aβ production (Wang et al., 2008b; Nelson and Wang, 2010) This finding was confirmed as being specific to miR-107 (and not a family member such as miR-103) and demonstrated that as miR-107 declines with advancing pathology, BACE1 increases along with neuritic plaque density (Wang et al., 2008b).