MiRNA profiling of peripheral monocytes in the SOD1 mouse model of ALS and in ALS patients showed a pro-inflammatory phenotype with high expression of miR-27a, miR-155, miR-146a, and 532-3p in sporadic ALS patients and not in healthy control or multiple sclerosis subjects (Butovsky et al., 2012). The gene discussed is SOD1; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.