ROC analysis revealed that the levels of the CSF markers (CXCL10, CXCL9, neopterin, and cell count), but not anti-HTLV-1 antibody titer, distinguished clearly between patients with deteriorating HAM/TSP and stable HAM/TSP (AUC>0.8, Figure 3B). The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is tropical spastic paraparesis.