IL1B and infection: High levels of IL-1β in cord blood were related to lower parasite levels during infections in infants (P=0.003, GEE model [Table 5]), equal to ~40% reduction in average parasite density (geometric mean parasite density in children with high cord IL-1β 2100 95% CI [1692 - 2607] versus children with low cord IL-1β 3528 95%CI [2927 - 4253] parasites per μL; Figure 1).