IL1B and malaria: In a multivariate Cox model that included all cord blood cytokines as well as other baseline covariates, only IL-1β levels at birth had a significant effect on the time to first severe malaria event, reducing the risk of severe malaria episode by 42% (hazard ratio (95% CI, P-value) 0.58 (0.35 - 0.97 , P=0.04)).