Since proinflammatory effects of PAF play prominent roles in the pathogenesis of IBD and NEC, it was of great interest to investigate the effects of probiotic Lactobacilli in counteracting PAF-induced NF-κB activation via CARMA3-Bcl10-MALT1 signalosome and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. The gene discussed is MALT1; the disease is inflammatory bowel disease.