Type 2 diabetes and biomarkers (insulin resistance,* insulin sensitivity, and glucose tolerance)*IRS=insulin resistance=presence of 2 or more of 4 signs: 1) fasting plasma insulin >20 pU/mL fasting glucose >6.1 mmol/L or medications; 2) obesity >BMI 30 or WHR >0.85 F and 0.90 M; 3) blood pressure >130/80 or medications; and 4) dyslip HDL<0.90 mmol/ or high Tg ≥2.26 mmol/L. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.