TNPO3 and infection: Bypassing NUP153 affects downstream steps of infection, including integration, likely by altering the chromosomal environment encountered by the PIC; NUP153 depletion or the N57A CA mutation shifts integration events away from gene-dense regions of chromatin [40], [66], [75], similar to the effects observed from NUP358 or TNPO3 knockdown, or the N74D CA mutation [40], [76].