Recent data have revealed the anti-inflammatory role in the lungs of genetically-induced adiponectin deficient mice (Adiponectin−/−), showing higher expression of TNFα in alveolar macrophages and abnormal alveolarization, resembling an emphysema-like phenotype, reversible with adiponectin supplementation [49,64]. The gene discussed is ADIPOQ; the disease is pulmonary emphysema.