The validation cohort included CN-AML patients (N=24), CBFA2T3-GLIS2-positive patients (N=16), patients harboring known cytogenetic/genetic abnormalities (alteration of MLL, NPM1, FLT3, t(8;22)(p11;q13), t(9;11)(p22;q23), inv(16)(p13;q22)) (N=12) and normal CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (N=3). Here, NPM1 is linked to acute myeloid leukemia.