Similarly with our model, systemic TGF-β antagonism by IN-1130, one of the prototype ALK5 inhibitors in the same structural family as EW-7197 ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by local actions without affecting systemic peripheral immune reactions including the generation of Th17 (Luo et al, 2007). The gene discussed is TGFBR1; the disease is experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.