Even though, both VEGF-C and VEGF-D are ligands for VEGFR-3, VEGF-C inhibition severely reduces the proliferation of VEGFR-3 expressing neural progenitor cells in both xenopus tadpoles and in mice [55], indicating that VEGF-C: VEGFR-3 axis functions in the stem cell signaling in developing brain as well as in the pathophysiology of CNS diseases like stroke. The gene discussed is VEGFD; the disease is stroke disorder.