Thus, exposure of rat neurons [43], C6 glioma cells and cerebral endothelial cells [44,45] to 1.0 mM glutamate increased the formation of reactive oxygen species, including superoxide radicals, and induced caspase-3 activation, DNA fragmentation, cell detachment [45] and mitochondrial dysfunction illustrated by impairment of oxygen consumption, glutathione depletion [43,44] three-fold increase of oxygen radicals [44]. The gene discussed is CASP3; the disease is glioma.