We manipulated the expression of PTRF in three prostate cancer cell lines, namely PC3 cells (which express abundant Cav-1 but no PTRF), LNCaP (which produce neither Cav-1 nor PTRF) [24] and DU145 (which express both Cav-1 and PTRF) [17]. The gene discussed is CAV1; the disease is prostate carcinoma.