CAV1 and renal cell carcinoma: Here, at least under normoxic conditions we found Cav-1 protein to be ubiquitously expressed in a panel of primary and metastatic RCC cell lines (Figure 3A) independent of VHL-status and indeed Hif expression, for example, the ACHN (VHL-positive) cell line expresses negligible Hif under normoxic conditions [32,33].