Furthermore, numerous proinflammatory cytokines were found in the plasma of PV patients, in which IL-1β, -4, -5, -7, -10, -17, EGF, IFNα, TNF-α, GM-CSF, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and MCP-1 correlated with reduced survival [27]. Here, CCL4 is linked to acquired polycythemia vera.