Contrary to these findings, prior studies of adiponectin and CKD have shown either higher adiponectin levels in those with CKD compared to those without CKD (19.2 μg/mL vs 14.8 μg/mL; p<0.01) [19] or no difference in adiponectin levels between the two groups in unadjusted analyses [13], [17], [21]. The gene discussed is ADIPOQ; the disease is chronic kidney disease.