PTEN and cancer: Moreover, overexpression of steroid receptors, proliferation markers, epidermal growth factor, p53 suppressor gene mutations, metalloproteinases and cyclooxygenases, was found in both species, as well as great homology in the alterations of cancer-related pathways such as the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway, KRAS, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), Wnt-β-catenin, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade [23,25].