For example, the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (PS-341, Velcade) mediates its anti-tumor effects partly by preventing NF-κB activation, and pre-clinical studies have shown that bortezomib sensitizes ccRCC cell lines to several anti-neoplastic agents by inhibiting NF-κB [14]. Here, NFKB1 is linked to nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.