These four genes comprise a key regulator of NF-κB signaling itself (IKBKB) and established mediators of the NF-κB cell-survival and pro-inflammatory responses (MMP9, PSMB9, and SOD2), raising the exciting possibility that selectively targeting members of this subset will have clinical benefit in ccRCC. This evidence concerns the gene SOD2 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.