Second, we have identified a subset of NF-κB target effectors whose elevated expression correlates with poor prognosis and reduced overall survival rates: MMP9, PSMB9, and SOD2. Two of these (MMP9 and SOD2) encode potentially-druggable enzymes (the matrix metalloproteinase MMP9, and the mitochondrial antioxidant MnSOD) that we suggest represent rational targets for second-generation therapeutic strategies in ccRCC. This evidence concerns the gene PSMB9 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.