Because many of the WNT3A-dependent changes in phosphorylation that we observed occurred within 60 min of stimulus, our data suggest that the WNT3A ligand may also regulate progrowth pathways (e.g. mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling) in melanoma cells that are possibly independent of CTNNB1. This evidence concerns the gene WNK2 and melanoma.